THE THIRD VOICE REALITY AND VISION
Vol No-7 | Issue No-2 | December 2025

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PESA and Women’s Participation in Tribal Governance of Chhattisgarh: Opportunities and Challenges

Ramakrushna Pradhan, Somnath Pal, Mili Mallick

Abstract: Political participation of women is also a primary element of inclusive democracy in a society that has traditionally marginalized women on a gender basis and some or all socio-cultural hierarchies. The tribal women in India occupy a unique place in this discussion as they are sidelined not only due to their gender but also by the virtue of their socioeconomic factors and ethnicities. With the introduction of the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) (PESA) Act of 1996, as an instrument of correction to provide the governance requirements of the tribal communities, is a critical framework, a combination of the indigenous practice of self-rule and the constitutional vision of a democratic decentralized government. PESA Act plays a central role in determining the role of tribal women participation in Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) in the state of Chhattisgarh, which has a high population of tribal women.

Keywords: PESA, Tribal Women Participation, Gender Equality, Women Empowerment, Tribal Governance.

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Contracting Space for Civil Society: Implications for Inclusive Development in India

Rudra Prasad Sahoo

Abstract: Civil society organizations (CSOs) engage in the political process and shape the well-being of others, thereby preserving democratic principles and ensuring inclusive development for all, but there is a worrying trend: there is increasingly less and less space for civil society to express its concerns and opinions. It has been observed that when civil society performs its role in significant socio-economic, political, environmental and other challenges, it often faces resistance, coercion, harassment and criminal investigations. Due to this, the social fabric of the Indian nation and the future of Indian democracy are adversely affected.

Keywords: civil society, Indian democracy, freedom

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Indo-Russian Economic Cooperation: Prospects and Pathways for Multisectoral Engagement

Sumant Swain

Abstract: India and Russia share one of the most enduring strategic partnerships in contemporary international relations. Bilateral relations have evolved through distinct historical phases, from the Soviet era characterized by state-led industrial cooperation and rupee–ruble trade mechanisms to the post-Soviet period marked by market-oriented economic engagement and diversified sectoral collaboration. This article critically examines the evolution, structure, and prospects of India–Russia economic cooperation with particular emphasis on trade dynamics, industrial collaboration, energy security, technology partnerships, and emerging areas such as artificial intelligence and rare earth minerals.

Keywords: India–Russia relations, economic cooperation, energy security, trade relations, strategic partnership, and technology collaboration

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Immigration, Remittances and Rural Development: A Case Study of Balasore District in Odisha

Tapu Maharna, Siba Sankar Mohanty

Abstract: In the rural area or household, remittances are quite vital in enhancing the life of the people economically. In Indian rural households, remittances are received by the family members from the internal migrants comprising of skilled, semiskilled and unskilled workers and white collared professionals working in different parts of India as well as from the Indian immigrants or diaspora living in different parts of the globe. The paper tries to study the impact of remittances especially sent by the immigrant workers residing in different parts of the world on the rural economic development and philanthropy focussing on the immigrants from selected areas of Balasore district in Odisha.

Keywords: Immigration, Remittances, Rural Development, Philanthropy

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From Oral Memory to Institutional Recognition: A Historical Study of Bnei Menashe Identity Formation

Kshetrimayum Malemngamba Singh, Rajneesh Kumar Gupta

Abstract: The Bnei Menashe of Northeast India have attracted sustained scholarly attention, largely framed around debates concerning origins, authenticity, and religious legitimacy. This article advances a different analytical perspective by examining the historical formation of Bnei Menashe identity through the interaction of oral memory, colonial and missionary encounters, religious reformulation, and institutional mediation. The study traces how dispersed oral narratives concerning migration and ancestry were gradually reconfigured into a coherent identity capable of institutional recognition.

Keywords: Bnei Menashe; oral memory; identity formation; recognition politics; colonial knowledge; Jewish diaspora; Northeast India

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Karmakanda Classical Analysis

Balaji Kumar Shatapathy

Abstract: Karmakanda Shastra, the inclusion of the golden principles of various Indian economic philosophies in the ideologies, change and sublimation are found every now and then. Keeping in view the usefulness of Indian theistic philosophy for human society, if any branch of knowledge has made the most successful experiment to use the principles discussed in practical form, then it is Karmakanda Shastra. Resolution prayers are offered for the removal of bodily, divine, material, physical, verbal, mental and worldly sorrows.

Keywords: Vedaang, Kalpasutra, Pourahitya, Karmakanda, Anushtaan, Pujan, Upachaar.

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Rediscovering of India’s foreign policy: Evolution of Look East Policy to Act East Policy

Mamata Khandayatray

Abstract: The dissolution of Soviet Union compels the then Government of India to find the alternative strategic partner to enhance the growing economy. As a result, The Look East Policy emerged as competent India’s foreign policy. Initially The Look East Policy crafted during the early nineties by the Narsimha Rao government of India, stands as a significant embodiment of India’s deliberate foreign policy approach aimed at Southeast Asia—a region known for its abundant resources and thriving prospects. Over time, this policy has evolved into a pivotal component of India’s foreign relations.

Keywords: India’s Foreign Policy, Look East Policy, Act East Policy, Southeast Asia, Strategic Partnership.

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South-western tribes of Odisha : A Socioeconomic analysis

Parikhita Bhoi

Abstract: Odisha is a tribal-dominated state. Since ancient times, many tribes have been living in its forests as tribes. Looking at the population ratio, it is known that about 23 percent of the total population in our state is tribal. This study focuses on the economic structure and social life of the tribes living in the South-western part of Odisha (Kalahandi, Koraput, Rayagada, Malkangiri), who constitute a large part of the state’s tribal population.

Keywords: Affluent, PVTGS, MNP, Conservation, Product, Indigenous, Implement, Merchant, Policy, Scheme, Provide, Trade, Selling, Market

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Antenatal Care and Birth-Preparedness among Rural Women in Bihar

Ayush Vardhan

Abstract: The issue of maternal health is acute amidst rural Bihar, where the proportion of cases that lead to the use of antenatal care (ANC) and birth preparedness variables are lower than other countries and states. This review article explores the association between ANC use and birth preparedness among rural women in Bihar. Findings suggest that early ANC initiation is frequent but the results of full visits are suboptimal. ANC utilization is determined by education, socioeconomic status, and mass media exposure.

Keywords: Antenatal Care, Birth Preparedness, Complication Readiness, Maternal Health, Rural Bihar.

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Continuity and Change: Political Situation in Odisha from 2000 to 2025

Dillip Kumar Mallik

Abstract: Odisha is a land of heritage sites, arts, cultures, traditions and plenty of natural resources. Democracy gives opportunity to many new faces to be part of the ruling process as believed to the end of the dynastic rule. One who has ruled more than two decades and dominated the Odisha politics is Naveen Patnaik. However, after the 2024 general elections, the political landscape changed with the emergence of Mohan Majhi as Chief Minister. This paper explores the factors behind this transition and the challenges ahead for the new administration.

Keywords: Democracy, Dynastic, Politics, Rule.

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Understanding Reverse Migration in India: Implications and Emerging Challenges in Odisha

Manosmita Mahapatra, Ritesh Ranjan Meher

Abstract: Reverse migration impacts the demographic, socio-cultural and political structure of the society as migration in India is not unidirectional. This study examines the trend of urban-to-rural migrants returning home to Odisha, focusing on the push & pull factors responsible for reverse migration in western Odisha (Bargarh district) and the resulting changes in lifestyle and social dynamics.

Keywords: Reverse Migration, Odisha, Social Capital, Gender Dynamics, Push & Pull Factors.

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Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management: Implications for Multidiversity and Inclusive Workforce Practice

Bandita Bhola

Abstract: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Human Resource Management (HRM) is transforming organizational decision-making and workforce practices. This article critically examines the implications of AI in HRM for multidiversity and inclusive workforce practice. It explores how AI-enabled HR processes can either enhance or undermine inclusion outcomes across key functions such as recruitment, performance management, and employee engagement.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, human resource management, multidiversity, inclusion, algorithmic bias, ethical HRM

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S. Jaishankar, Why Bharat Matters

Deepak Kumar Kashyap

Abstract: This review article examines Dr. S. Jaishankar’s book, “Why Bharat Matters,” which provides an insightful and cogent analysis of Bharat’s increasing global prominence. The book highlights the shift toward a more proactive, realistic, and nationalist foreign policy post-2014, blending civilizational wisdom with modern statecraft to secure India’s position in a multipolar world order.

Keywords: Bharat Matters, Global Prominence, Countries Position, Statecraft, International Order, Indian People

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